(II). Classification of Proteins based on Composition: Ø Two broad categories of proteins according to its composition, they are: (A). Simple Proteins (B). Conjugated Proteins (A). Simple Proteins. Ø Simple proteins composed of ONLY amino acids.. Ø Proteins may be fibrous or globular.. Ø They possess relatively simple structural organization. Protein, highly complex substance that is present in all living organisms. Proteins are of great nutritional value and are directly involved in the chemical processes essential for life. Their importance was recognized in the early 19th century. Learn more about the structure and classification of proteins. Protein - Protein - Inhibition of enzymes: Some molecules very similar to the substrate for an enzyme may be bound to the active site but be unable to react. Such molecules cover the active site and thus prevent the binding of the actual substrate to the site. This inhibition of enzyme action is of a competitive nature, because the inhibitor molecule actually competes with the substrate for Structures of Protein • Proteins catalyze metabolic reactions, power cellular motion, and forms structural integrity to hair, bones, tendons and teeth • Human proteins therefore reflects the sophistication and diversity of their biologic roles • Therefore maturation of a newly synthesized polypeptide into a biologically functional protein The system divides proteins into 3 major groups:- 1. Simple proteins or holoproteins. 2. Conjugated proteins 3. Derived proteins 30. A. SIMPLE PROTEINS or HOLOPROTEINS •These are globular type except for scleroproteins which are fibrous in nature. •This group includes proteins containing only amino acids as structural components. Derived proteins: They are derivatives or degraded products of simple and conjugated proteins. They may be : Primary derived protein: Proteans, Metaproteins, Coagulated proteins; Secondary derived proteins: Proteosesn or albunoses, peptones, peptides. Functions of Proteins. Proteins are vital for the growth and repair, and their functions are Conjugated proteins. Sometimes also called heteroproteins, they contain in their structure a non-protein portion. Three examples are glycoproteins, chromoproteins, and phosphoproteins. Glycoproteins They are proteins that covalently bind one or more carbohydrate units to the polypeptide backbone. These proteins in which protein are always linked by non-protein moiety to become functional. So, they are composed of both protein and non- protein components. The non-protein component is known as prosthetic group. On the basis of prosthetic group, they are classified as follows; a. Metalloprotein: They have metal prosthetic group. (b) Conjugated proteins. These are simple proteins combined with some non-protein material in the body. Examples are: nucleoproteins, glycoproteins, phosphoproteins, haemoglobins and lecithoproteins. (c) Derived proteins. These are proteins derived from simple or conjugated proteins by physical or chemical means. ADVERTISEMENTS: Let us make an in-depth study of the proteins. After reading this article you will learn about: 1. Functions of Proteins 2. Structures of Proteins 3. Properties of Proteins and 4. Classification of Proteins. Proteins are nitrogenous organic compounds of high molecular weight which play a vital or prime role in living organisms. They […]
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